Discussion 9: Systematic Review, assignment help

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Discussion 9: Systematic Review

The systematic review or practice guideline relies primarily on studies conducted in the last five years.

This systematic review and meta-analysis on nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD was conducted through the use of a common systematic research and a rigorous coding and data extraction strategy across domains. Sonuga-Barke et al. (2013) utilized electronic database to identify published randomized controlled trials which involved individuals with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study was published in The American Journal of Psychiatry in March 2013, which was four years ago.

The review provides support for the importance of the study

The objective on this systematic review and meta-analyses of nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD of randomized controlled trials on dietary and psychologic treatment is to bring to awareness that there are such treatments available for ADHD, although their efficacy remains uncertain.

The authors have used primary, rather than secondary sources.

Sonuga-Barke et al. (2013) primarily utilized secondary sources due to the authors making use of information previously researched regarding nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD.

Studies are critically examined and reported objectively

The authors utilized randomized controlled trials including studies with counterbalanced cross over designs published in peer reviewed journals. The search was limited to published trials to ensure an adequate level of methodological adequacy and rigor among included trials with the purpose of avoiding bias and unpublished trials. The authors utilized a common search strategy which is to utilize a broad range of electronic databases such as Science Citation Index Expanded, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index, to name a few (Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013).

The systematic review or practice guideline is organized so that a logical unfolding of Ideas is apparent that supports the need for the review

The systematic review and meta-analysis regarding nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD is very well organized and easy to read format. In the very beginning of the article it includes the abstract which summarizes the objective, method, results, and conclusions. Sonuga et al., (2013) then proceed to providing background information about ADHD and listing the nonpharmacological interventions. Moreover, the methods section discusses the inclusion criteria, search strategy, outcomes measure, study selection, data extraction, and statistical analysis. Furthermore, the results were discussed and included dietary interventions, and psychological interventions. Lastly, the discussion and conclusion provided detailed information about the benefits of the nonpharmacological interventions along with some statistics.

The systematic review or practice guideline ends with a summary of the most important knowledge.

The conclusion explicitly identified the main interventions along with their effectiveness.

Sonuga-Barke et al. (2013) identified that free fatty acid supplementation produced a small but significant reduction in ADHD symptoms even with probably blinded assessments. Additionally, there were limitations in finding evidence to support the value of behavioral interventions due to unblended studies and possible relationship with those investing in treatment success. Furthermore, neurofeedback, cognitive training, and restricted elimination diets demonstrated more positive outcomes; however, evidence from blinded assessments is required in order to be supported as treatments for ADHD (Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013). This article mentioned that a challenge which will be faced in the future is the ability to improve efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions and understanding ADHD pathophysiology while trying to integrate better interventions (nonpharmacological) along with pharmacological interventions. There is an urgent need for properly powered, randomized controlled trials which will include blinded, ecologically valid outcome measures. Future trials should focus across a broader range which includes the child, parent, and family-related functional outcomes (Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013).

References

Sonuga-Barke, E. J. , Brandeis D, Cortese S, Daley D, Ferrin M, Holtmann M, … Stevenson J. (2013). Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(3), 275-289. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070991

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